| Attribute | VOO (Vanguard S&P 500 ETF) | VTI (Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF) |
|---|---|---|
| Index tracked | S&P 500 Index | CRSP US Total Market Index |
| Expense ratio | 0.03% | 0.03% |
| Annual cost on $10,000 | $3 | $3 |
| Inception | September 7, 2010 | May 24, 2001 |
| ETF net assets | $978.96 billion | $663.49 billion |
| Fund total net assets | $1,675.04 billion | $2,298.31 billion |
| Stocks in the ETF | 506 | 3,531 |
| Median market cap | $455.6 billion | $336.5 billion |
| 3-year standard deviation | 13.06% | 13.45% |
| Turnover (fiscal year) | 2.4% | 2.6% |
ETF comparison · Vanguard data, June 2026
VOO vs VTI (2026): Which Vanguard Stock ETF Should You Hold?
VOO and VTI both charge 0.03% a year, so cost is not the deciding factor. VOO tracks the S&P 500 with 506 stocks and $978.96 billion in ETF assets. VTI tracks the CRSP US Total Market Index with 3,531 stocks and $663.49 billion in ETF assets. Figures are from Vanguard fact sheets as of June 30, 2026.
Fund data from Vanguard fact sheets F0968 (VOO) and F0970 (VTI), as of June 30, 2026, fetched October 4, 2026. Average daily volume and bid-ask spreads are omitted because they are not on those fact sheets. For education only, not investment advice.
Sources: Vanguard VOO fact sheet (PDF); Vanguard VTI fact sheet (PDF). Annual cost is our arithmetic from the stated expense ratios.
Vanguard announced that after Morningstar's acquisition of CRSP, fund and benchmark names are expected to be rebranded to Morningstar Total Stock Market in July 2026; the June 30, 2026 fact sheet still lists CRSP.
What is the difference between VOO and VTI?
VOO holds the S&P 500, about 506 large U.S. companies, while VTI holds the broad U.S. market, 3,531 stocks spanning large, mid and small caps, per Vanguard. Both charge 0.03%. VOO's ETF share class held $978.96 billion as of June 30, 2026, about 1.5 times VTI's $663.49 billion ETF assets.
Vanguard describes VOO as seeking the S&P 500 Index with a full-replication approach, and VTI as seeking the CRSP US Total Market Index with an index-sampling approach. Product pages: VOO and VTI.
Which costs less to own, VOO or VTI?
Neither fund is cheaper. Vanguard lists a 0.03% expense ratio for VOO and for VTI on the June 30, 2026 fact sheets, so a $10,000 holding costs $3 a year in either fund by our arithmetic. Fee shopping does not decide this pair; index coverage and diversification do.
| Amount invested | VOO annual fee (0.03%) | VTI annual fee (0.03%) | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| $10,000 | $3 | $3 | $0 |
| $50,000 | $15 | $15 | $0 |
| $100,000 | $30 | $30 | $0 |
| $500,000 | $150 | $150 | $0 |
We do not show average daily volume or bid-ask spreads here. Those figures were not published on the June 30, 2026 Vanguard fact sheets we used, and we will not invent them.
How have VOO and VTI performed?
Over the year to June 30, 2026, VTI's NAV returned 23.16% and VOO's returned 22.28%, per Vanguard. Over five years VOO returned 13.36% a year versus 12.24% for VTI. Gaps are usually small because large caps dominate both indexes. Past performance does not guarantee future results.
| Period | VOO | S&P 500 Index | VTI | Spliced Total Stock Market Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year | 22.28% | 22.32% | 23.16% | 23.16% |
| 3 years | 20.58% | 20.61% | 20.43% | 20.42% |
| 5 years | 13.36% | 13.41% | 12.24% | 12.25% |
| 10 years | 15.47% | 15.51% | 15.04% | 15.04% |
| Since inception | 15.03% (since 2010) | See S&P 500 row | 9.48% (since 2001) | Not comparable |
Sources: Vanguard fact sheets as of June 30, 2026. Periods under one year are cumulative; longer periods are average annual NAV returns with dividends reinvested. Past performance does not guarantee future results.
Since-inception returns are not comparable across funds because VTI launched in 2001 and VOO in 2010. Prefer the matched 1, 3, 5 and 10 year rows.
Our VOO and VTI fund pages show different 1-year figures (+15.5% and +15.1%) because those pages measure share-price change without distributions from Sep 30, 2025 to Oct 2, 2026, while Vanguard's figures above are NAV total returns to June 30, 2026.
What do VOO and VTI hold?
Vanguard listed 506 stocks in VOO and 3,531 in VTI as of June 30, 2026. VOO's top 10 holdings were 37.9% of assets, led by NVIDIA at 7.5%. VTI's top 10 were 33.4%, also led by NVIDIA at 6.4%. VTI adds thousands of smaller companies beyond the S&P 500.
VOO's 10 largest holdings as of June 30, 2026, per Vanguard (GICS sectors on the fact sheet):
- NVIDIA, 7.5%
- Apple, 6.6%
- Alphabet, 5.8%
- Microsoft, 4.3%
- Amazon, 3.6%
- Broadcom, 2.8%
- Micron Technology, 2.0%
- Meta Platforms, 1.9%
- Tesla, 1.8%
- Eli Lilly, 1.5%
VTI's 10 largest holdings as of June 30, 2026 (ICB sectors on the fact sheet):
- NVIDIA, 6.4%
- Apple, 5.9%
- Alphabet, 5.2%
- Microsoft, 3.8%
- Amazon, 3.2%
- Broadcom, 2.5%
- Micron Technology, 1.8%
- Meta Platforms, 1.7%
- Tesla, 1.6%
- Eli Lilly, 1.4%
VOO's top sector was information technology at 38.0%. VTI's top sector was technology at 41.0%. Sector systems differ (GICS vs ICB), so treat sector percentages as fund-reported, not a perfect crosswalk. For a Nasdaq-100 pair, see QQQ vs QQQM.
Which should you buy, VOO or VTI?
Choose VOO if you want a pure S&P 500 holding that matches the most-cited U.S. large-cap benchmark. Choose VTI if you want one-fund U.S. stock exposure that includes mid-cap and small-cap shares VOO leaves out. Both cost 0.03%, so pick based on coverage, not fees. Selling either in a taxable account can create capital gains tax.
VOO fits you if:
- You want the S&P 500 specifically, including for benchmarking against large-cap news and research.
- You already own mid-cap or small-cap funds and do not want to duplicate them inside a total-market ETF.
- You prefer the slightly larger ETF share-class asset base Vanguard reported for VOO as of June 30, 2026.
VTI fits you if:
- You want one U.S. stock ETF that includes large-, mid- and small-cap companies.
- You are building a simple two-fund or three-fund portfolio and want total-market U.S. equity exposure.
- You accept a little more small-cap volatility for broader coverage (VTI's 3-year standard deviation was 13.45% vs 13.06% for VOO).
Consider neither as your only holding if you need international stocks or bonds. See our VXUS and BND pages, and ETF statistics.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between VOO and VTI?
VOO tracks the S&P 500 Index and held 506 stocks as of June 30, 2026. VTI tracks the CRSP US Total Market Index and held 3,531 stocks. Both are Vanguard ETFs with a 0.03% expense ratio. VTI is broader; VOO is the large-cap S&P 500 slice.
Is VTI better than VOO?
It depends on whether you want mid-cap and small-cap exposure. VTI held about 7 times as many stocks as VOO as of June 30, 2026. Fees are identical at 0.03%. Over five years to June 30, 2026, VOO's NAV edged VTI, 13.36% versus 12.24% a year, per Vanguard.
Do VOO and VTI have the same expense ratio?
Yes. Vanguard's June 30, 2026 fact sheets list a 0.03% expense ratio for both VOO and VTI. On $10,000 that is $3 a year for either fund. Annual cost differences between these two share classes are not a reason to prefer one over the other.
How many stocks does VTI hold compared with VOO?
Vanguard listed 3,531 stocks in VTI and 506 in VOO as of June 30, 2026. VTI's benchmark is designed to represent about 100% of investable U.S. equities, while the S&P 500 covers 500 leading large U.S. companies, per the fact sheets.
Should I hold both VOO and VTI?
Usually no for the same taxable account goal. VTI already includes most of what VOO holds, so owning both stacks large-cap exposure without adding a new fee advantage. Investors sometimes pair VOO with a separate small-cap fund instead of using VTI; that is a portfolio design choice.
Which is better for long-term buy and hold, VOO or VTI?
Both suit buy-and-hold investors because the expense ratio is 0.03% either way. Pick VTI for one-ticket total U.S. market coverage, or VOO if you specifically want the S&P 500. Check your other holdings so you do not overweight large-cap tech twice.
Key takeaways
- VOO and VTI both charge 0.03% — fees do not separate them.
- VOO tracks the S&P 500 (506 stocks); VTI tracks the CRSP US Total Market Index (3,531 stocks).
- As of June 30, 2026, VOO ETF assets were $978.96 billion versus $663.49 billion for VTI.
- Over 5 years to June 30, 2026, VOO NAV returned 13.36% a year and VTI 12.24% a year.
- Average daily volume and bid-ask spreads are omitted — not on the cited Vanguard fact sheets.
- Pick based on S&P 500 purity versus total-market breadth, then check tax consequences before selling.
For education only, not investment, tax or legal advice. Past performance does not guarantee future results.